IM as an student in charge

I dont know that  much. I felt that  my knowledge is inadequate for me to become a PA to an IM resident. Read read....

Routine Labs and Basis

Liver Function test-  AST and ALT are ordered

Renal Function Test-BUN and Crea

Thyroid Function Test- FT4, FT3 and TSH

Chest Xray
Why it is usually done?
1.to check for the presence of pulmonary infiltrates in the lung especially in patients living in the Asia Pacific Region
when apica infiltrates-pertain to Tuberculosis
2. to check for pulmonary mass or nodules in the case of metastasis/spread is via hematogeneous/ blood route -such as  the case of lung cancer and patient with probable Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia
; this might warrant Chest CT scan to determine the extent of the mass and its distribution

3. to check for cardiomegaly, atherosclerotic aorta


The rationale for each will be discussed in detail  in  the next update.

Pediatrics in focus

Neoplasia in Pediatrics
Wiskott aldrich syndrome- X -inked recessive eczema thrombocytopenia immunodeficiuncy syndrome
Hodgkin disease-malignant lymph node disorder of unknown etiology
Nonhodgkin lymphoma-heterogenous group of lymphoid  tumors
                             Causes: Viral infxn and immunodeficiency
What is tumor lysis syndrome? overload of lysed tumor material in the blooidstream leading to hyperuricemia compromising kidney function   Tx: hydration is important, allopurinol and sodium bicarbonate
 What is Bloom syndrome? aka Bloom–Torre–Machacek syndrome, a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by short stature and predisposition to the development of cancer. Cells from a person with Bloom syndrome exhibit a striking genomic instability that includes excessive homologous recombination. 
 What is the most common leukemia in children? ALL (acute lymphoblastic leukemia)
In leukemia, what is induction? 4 to 6 weeks initial treatment phase for reduction of leukemic burden
Usual Rx: corticosteroid, vincristine, asparaginase with or without anthracycline
What constitutes remission? decreased of blast cells in bone marrow by 5%.
Commonly used maintenance drugs in ALL? methothrecate, 6-mercaptourine, corticosteroid, vincristine
What is Fanconi Anemia?
genetic defect in a cluster of proteins involved in DNA repair, most common in Ashkenazi Jews, frequently leds to  the development of acute myelogenous leukemia 
Treatment for AML? 
ARA-C-it kill cells by interfering DNA synthesis, used in the treatment of AML and nonHodgkin Lymphoma, aka as cytrabine or ARA-C Arabinofuranosyl cytidine 
Daunorubicin-