Blood is red when oxygenated and turns blue when deoxygenated.
The blood smells like metal rust due to the presence of iron (Fe) which sits at the centeal structure of the red blood cells.
Let's start with agglutinogen. What is agglutinogen or antigen? It simply a protein in the blood that has the capacity to agglutinate or clump together which might result to death during blood tranfusion. When red blood cell clump together to form a mass or body, it will obstruct the flow of blood thus resulting to decrease oxygen level in the body resulting to death. There are two types of agglutinogen: Agglutinogen A and Agglutinogen B.
These agglutinogens are inherited in such a manner that some people may have one, may have both simultaneously, or neither of them on their cells.
O-A-B Blood Types
Blood Types are classified into O, A, B, and AB depending on the presence or absence of
the two agglutinogens, the A and B agglutinogens.
the two agglutinogens, the A and B agglutinogens.
Simplifying the Jargon
Let's start with blood type O has genotype or allele of OO, does not contain any agglut
inogen but contains agglutinin A and agglutinin B. When we say agglutinin it attacks agglutinogen to form a clump of cells. For example agglutinin A will attack A agglutinogen thus forming a coagulate leading to blood vessel blockage, that's the rule of thumb for other blood types. In simple terms, agglutinin attacks/binds agglutinogen. Blood type A has two genoytypes AO and AA , contains agglutinogen A and agglutinin B. The agglutinin B will attack B agglutinogen forming clumps of cells. Blood type B has BO and BB genotypes, contains B agglutinogen and agglutinin A. Blood type AB has a genotype of AB with A and B agglutinogens, not containing any agglutinin.Please keep this in mind. Please see the table for summary of the discussion.
inogen but contains agglutinin A and agglutinin B. When we say agglutinin it attacks agglutinogen to form a clump of cells. For example agglutinin A will attack A agglutinogen thus forming a coagulate leading to blood vessel blockage, that's the rule of thumb for other blood types. In simple terms, agglutinin attacks/binds agglutinogen. Blood type A has two genoytypes AO and AA , contains agglutinogen A and agglutinin B. The agglutinin B will attack B agglutinogen forming clumps of cells. Blood type B has BO and BB genotypes, contains B agglutinogen and agglutinin A. Blood type AB has a genotype of AB with A and B agglutinogens, not containing any agglutinin.Please keep this in mind. Please see the table for summary of the discussion.Why Blood type O is said to be the universal blood donor? The answer is that patients with blood type A or B can receive blood type O ( because BType O does not contain any agglutinogen).
Blood type O patients should receive blood type O only. You cannot give them blood type A or B, blood cells will clump if unattended it would lead to death.
Why blood type AB is called or considered as royal blood? People with this blood type can receive AB blood type ONLY. You cannot give them blood type O since it contains agglutinin A and B. Only about three percent of the population have this blood type. That's why it is called a royal blood.
The Use of O-A-B Blood Type for Paternity and Maternity Test.
Again, each blood has its own genotype:
Type A has AO AA
Type B has BB BO
Type AB has AB
Type O has OO
Questions:
1.
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